A friend once sent me a picture that said, “Watching one great movie is equivalent to the lessons learned from one entire year of living life.”
Movies are the great connector where the spectacle of theater’s human drama merges with the rhythm of dance, crispness of photography and melody of music to create tapestries scrawling and complex. They’re beasts that implore thought, can make you laugh or cry, leave you feeling angry, frustrated or hopeless and confront you with humor, lightness or hope. Sometimes all in the same scene.
As it’s plugged, Stanford is a place of growth. And that growth has as much to do with a mind-expanding movie as it does a late-night dorm conversation, a lecture, a new love or a night cruising up or down the 280, windows down, “In the Air Tonight” blasting “Miami Vice”-style. (Specific, isn’t it?)
We have two* great resources for watching movies on campus. One is Kanopy, a streaming service through Stanford which has, along with a slew of documentaries, many classic and contemporary films in the Criterion Collection (“The 400 Blows,” “Tokyo Story,” Charlie Chaplin, etc.). The other is the Media and Microtext Center, with its 40,000 plus movies and TV series. They have basically everything on DVD and Blu-Ray with more on the way. If you don’t have a DVD player or drive, there are DVD and Blu-Ray stations with couches everywhere. The Media & Microtext Center, sweeter than chocolate, is in the basement of Green Library. You can look up the call-number of the movie you want on Searchworks. I still continue to be surprised by how little people know about this amazing resource; some go their four years without knowing they can watch basically anything they want here.
*(Technically three, with the Stanford Theatre on University Avenue. But that goes almost without saying — and you’re probably sick of me Howard-Hawking it all the time).
This M&M obscurity was the genesis of the list that follows. They’re more or less obscure films. I don’t really deal with established popular movies that people tell you to watch over and over again — there will be no Tarantino, “Social Network,” “Lawrence of Arabia,” “Breathless,” “Mulholland Dr.,” or “Casablanca” on this list. Instead, it’s a mix of established classics of the cinematic canon (the “Bicycle Thieves”-“Seven Samurai”-“400 Blows” heavy-hitters) and less well-known works that you’ll only really find in the Stanford library (see all four hours of “Edvard Munch” while you can — you will not regret it).
Much of this is a re-canonization effort — important films only recently appreciated. Kathleen Collins’ “Losing Ground” is one of the first features directed by an African-American woman, and it is a revelation, as is Julie Dash’s restored “Daughters of the Dust.”
At least one is a cheat entry — when I list “Twin Peaks: Fire Walk With Me” (which was, up until this summer, David Lynch’s craziest mind-bending masterpiece), I really mean the entire “Twin Peaks” series: the ’90-’91 show, the ’92 film, the 2014 deleted scenes (“The Missing Pieces”) and the 2017 mini-series.
With two notable exceptions, the list stops at around the year 2000. I find that I tend to look with more sobriety at previous years of film. (Just a few choice films from the last decade: “American Hustle,” “Boyhood,” “Certain Women,” “Güeros,” “In Jackson Heights,” “Inherent Vice,” “To the Wonder” and “World of Tomorrow.”)
All are deeply personal. They’re films that have unabashedly shaped me, helped me think more clearly. But they are also established masterpieces that many critics, writers, movie-lovers, thinkers and intellectuals before me have championed for their vitality. I hope you find these films as helpful, instructive, beautiful, sublime and life-changing as I have. I can only provide what I know at this stage in my life. And I will probably kick myself for excluding films which I will watch at 50 that I wish I had seen at 20. Alas.
A key: “Dir.” = directed by; “st.” = starring; “wr.” = screen-written by; “pr.” = produced by; “m.” = music by; “ZDVD xxxxx” = call number at Media and Microtext Center in Green Library.
- “Les Vampires” (1916). Dir. Louis Feuillade, France. Thriller/crime serial. 400 min. in ten parts, each between 15 to 59 minutes. ZDVD 28992, 28993 Blu-Ray. Also on Kanopy.
- “Sherlock Jr.” (1924). Dir., pr., st., ed. Buster Keaton, USA. Slapstick comedy, 45 min. ZDVD 21880, 24887 Blu-Ray, 1606. Also on Youtube. Or watch it on the essential “Buster Keaton Collection,” a 14-disc boxset/rabbit-hole, with all of Keaton’s comedies: ZDVD 31564 Blu-Ray.
- “The Passion of Joan of Arc” (1928). Dir. Carl Theodor Dreyer, st. Maria Falconetti, Denmark/France. Drama, 82 min. ZDVD 816. Also on Kanopy.
- “The Man with a Movie Camera” (1929). Dir., wr. Dziga Vertov. Russia/Soviet Union. Documentary/city symphony, 67 min. ZDVD 40743, 34829, 34840 Blu-Ray. Also on Kanopy.
- “City Lights” (1931). Dir., wr., st., m. Charlie Chaplin, USA. Comedy/melodrama, 87 min. ZDVD 31852 Blu-Ray, 31853, 6005. Also on Kanopy.
- “M” (1931). Dir, co-wr. Fritz Lang, st. Peter Lorre, Germany/Weimar Republic. Crime/thriller, 111 min. ZDVD 23643. Also on Kanopy and YouTube.
- “Gold Diggers of 1933” (1933). Dir. Mervyn LeRoy, musical sequences by Busby Berkeley, USA. St. Joan Blondell, Ruby Keeler, Dick Powell, Guy Kibbee, Warren William, Ned Sparks and Ginger Rogers. Comedy/backstage musical, 97 min. ZDVD 11896.
- “Make Way for Tomorrow” (1937). Dir. Leo McCarey, st. Victor Moore, Beulah Bondi and Thomas Mitchell, USA. Drama, 91 min. ZDVD 22423, 35983 BLU-RAY.
- “Bringing Up Baby” (1938). Dir. Howard Hawks, st. Katharine Hepburn and Cary Grant, USA. Screwball comedy, 102 min. ZDVD 25493, 9454.
- “To Be or Not To Be” (1942). Dir., pr., wr. Ernst Lubitsch, st. Carole Lombard and Jack Benny. USA. Screwball/black comedy, 99 min. ZDVD 31296, 31297 BLU-RAY.
- “In This Our Life” (1942). Dir. John Huston, st. Bette Davis and Olivia De Havilland, USA. Melodrama, 97 min., ZDVD 17232.
- “The Palm Beach Story” (1942). Dir., wr. Preston Sturges, st. Claudette Colbert and Joel McCrea, USA. Screwball comedy, 88 min. ZDVD 34679, 34693 Blu-Ray. If you love this, check out “The Preston Sturges Collection” (ZDVD 14465), which includes “Sullivan’s Travels,” “Christmas in July” and “The Lady Eve.”
- “I Walked with a Zombie” (1943). Dir. Jacques Tourneur, pr. Val Lewton, USA. Drama/horror, 66 min. ZDVD 10841. Also appears on “The Val Lewton Collection” (ZDVD 34842), which includes the other horror masterworks produced by Lewton between 1942 and 1946, including “The Leopard Man,” “Curse of the Cat People” and “Bedlam.”
- “The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp” (1943). Dir., pr., wr. Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger, st. Deborah Kerr, Roger Livesey and Anton Walbrook. United Kingdom. War/romance/drama, 163 min. ZDVD 29678, 29924 BLU-RAY.
- “Meet Me in St. Louis” (1944). Dir. Vincente Minnelli, pr. Arthur Freed, st. Judy Garland, USA. Musical, 113 min. ZDVD 26196, ZDVD 14814.
- “The Clock” (1945). Dir. Vincente Minnelli, pr. Arthur Freed, st. Judy Garland and Robert Walker, USA. Drama, 90 min. ZDVD 13708.
- “The Best Years of Our Lives” (1946). Dir. William Wyler, USA. St. Dana Andrews, Harold Russell, Frederic March, Myrna Loy, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo and Hoagy Carmichael. Drama, 172 min. ZDVD 38827, 38826 BLU-RAY, ZDVD 20400.
- “Bicycle Thieves” (1948). Dir., co-wr. Vittorio De Sica, Italy. Drama, 93 min. ZDVD 38213 BLU-RAY, ZDVD 14143. Also on Kanopy.
- “Ikiru” (“To Live,” 1952). Dir., co-wr. Akira Kurosawa, st. Takashi Shimura, Japan. Drama, 143 min. ZDVD 38971 DISC 1-2, 38974 BLU-RAY. Also on Kanopy.
- “Singin’ in the Rain” (1952). Dir. Stanley Donen and Gene Kelly, USA. St. Gene Kelly, Debbie Reynolds, Donald O’Connor, Jean Hagen. Musical, 103 min. ZDVD 29043 BLU-RAY, ZDVD 33472.
- “Tokyo Story” (1953). Dir., co-wr. Yasujiro Ozu, st. Setsuko Hara and Kyoko Kagawa, Japan. Drama, 136 minutes. ZDVD 32858, 32025 BLU-RAY, ZDVD 5312. Also on Kanopy.
- “Rear Window” (1954). Dir. Alfred Hitchcock, USA. St. James Stewart, Grace Kelly, Thelma Ritter, Raymond Burr. Thriller, 112 minutes. ZDVD 37636, 39634 BLU-RAY.
- “Sansho the Bailiff” (1954). Dir. Kenji Mizoguchi, st. Kyoko Kagawa, Japan. Drama, 124 minutes. ZDVD 15547, ZDVD 30020 BLU-RAY. Also on Kanopy.
- “Voyage in Italy” (1954). Dir., co-wr. Roberto Rossellini, st. Ingrid Bergman, Italy. Drama, 85 minutes. ZDVD 31597, 31925 BLU-RAY. Also on Kanopy.
- “Seven Samurai” (1954). Dir. Akira Kurosawa, st. Toshiro Mifune and Takashi Shimura, Japan. Drama/samurai epic, 207 min. ZDVD 11796, 22510. Also on Kanopy.
- “La Strada” (1954). Dir., co-wr. Federico Fellini, st. Giulietta Masina, Italy. Drama, 104 minutes. M. Nino Rota. ZDVD 5433, 20054. Also on Kanopy.
- “Johnny Guitar” (1954). Dir., pr. Nicholas Ray, st. Joan Crawford, Sterling Hayden and Mercedes McCambridge, USA. Western, 110 minutes. ZDVD 28589, 28587 BLU-RAY.
- “Night and Fog” (1955). Dir. Alain Resnais, France. Holocaust/documentary, 32 minutes. ZDVD 4855. Also on Kanopy.
- “Pather Panchali” (“Song of the Little Road,” 1955). Dir., pr., co-wr. Satyajit Ray, st. Karuna Banerjee, India. M. Ravi Shankar. Melodrama, 125 minutes. ZDVD 37237 BLU-RAY, ZDVD 37236. Also on Kanopy.
- “The Night of the Hunter” (1955). Dir. Charles Laughton, wr. James Agee, USA. St. Robert Mitchum, Shelley Winters and Lilian Gish. Thriller/horror, 93 minutes. ZDVD 24297, 24398 BLU-RAY.
- “The Girl Can’t Help It” (1956). Dir., pr., co-wr. Frank Tashlin, st. Jayne Mansfield, USA. Rock musical/comedy, 99 minutes. ZDVD 13143
- “Rio Bravo” (1959). Dir. Howard Hawks, USA. St. John Wayne, Dean Martin, Angie Dickinson, Ricky Nelson, Walter Brennan. Western, 141 minutes. ZDVD 15805, 1561.
- “Imitation of Life” (1959). Dir. Douglas Sirk, pr. Ross Hunter, st. Lana Turner and Juanita Moore, USA. Melodrama, 125 minutes. ZDVD 18083, 4147.
- “Ohayo” (“Good Morning,” 1959). Dir., co-wr. Yasujiro Ozu, Japan. Comedy/drama, 94 minutes. ZDVD 41071 BLU-RAY. Also on Kanopy.
- “Shadows” (1959). Dir., wr. John Cassavetes, st. Lelia Goldoni and Ben Carruthers, USA. Drama, 87 minutes. ZDVD 8365 PT.1, 32433 BLU-RAY DISCS 1-5 (1). Also on Kanopy.
- “The 400 Blows” (1959). Dir., wr. François Truffaut, st. Jean-Pierre Léaud, France. Drama/bildungsroman, 99 minutes. ZDVD 32844 BLU-RAY, ZDVD 32845, ZDVD 21968 BLU-RAY, ZDVD 20056. Also on Kanopy.
- “Peeping Tom” (1960). Dir., pr. Michael Powell, wr. Leo Marks, st. Karlheinz Böhm and Moira Shearer, United Kingdom. Horror/thriller, 101 min. ZDVD 2038.
- “The Apartment” (1960). Dir., co-wr. Billy Wilder, st. Jack Lemmon, Shirley MacLaine and Fred MacMurray, USA. Comedy-drama, 125 min., ZDVD 16545, 36973 BLU-RAY.
- “The Cloud-Capped Star” (1960). Dir., co-wr. Ritwik Ghatak, st. Supriya Choudhury and Anil Chatterjee, India. Melodrama, 132 min., ZDVD 4497.
- “The Exiles” (1961). Dir. Kent MacKenzie, USA. Docu-drama, 72 min., ZDVD 21599.
- “The Manchurian Candidate” (1962). Dir. John Frankenheimer, wr. George Axelrod, USA. St. Frank Sinatra, Angela Lansbury, Laurence Harvey and Janet Leigh. Thriller, 126 min. ZDVD 38166, 38165 BLU-RAY.
- “Cléo from 5 to 7” (1962). Dir., wr. Agnes Varda, st. Corinne Marchand, France. Drama, 90 min. ZDVD 16248 DISCS 1-4 (2). Also on Kanopy.
- “La Jetée” (1962). Dir. Chris Marker, France. Experimental drama/photo-story, 32 min. ZDVD 14926, 27682 BLU-RAY. Also on Kanopy.
- “The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance” (1962). Dir. John Ford, st. John Wayne and James Stewart, USA. Western, 123 min. ZDVD 19881, 1872.
- “El angel exterminador” (1962). Dir. Luis Buñuel, st. Silvia Pinal, Mexico. Surrealist black comedy, 94 min. ZDVD 19375, 40100 BLU-RAY. Also on Kanopy.
- “The Birds” (1963). Dir. Alfred Hitchcock, st. Tippi Hedren, USA. Thriller/horror, 120 min. ZDVD 37116 BLU-RAY, 29533 BLU-RAY DISCS 9-15 (10), ZDVD 614.
- “Muriel, or The Time of Return” (1963). Dir. Alain Resnais, wr. Jean Cayrol (“Night and Fog”), st. Delphine Seyrig, France. Experimental drama, 116 min. ZDVD 39212, 39217 BLU-RAY.
- “The House is Black” (1963). Dir. Forough Farrokhzad, Iran. Documentary short subject, 26 min. ZDVD 10609. Also on YouTube.
- “The Nutty Professor” (1963). Dir., co-wr., st. Jerry Lewis, USA. Comedy, 104 min. ZDVD 12773.
- “A Hard Day’s Night” (1964). Dir. Richard Lester, United Kingdom. St. John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr; m. The Beatles and George Martin. Comedy/musical, 90 min., ZDVD 33762, 33266 Blu-ray. Also on Kanopy.
- “The Umbrellas Of Cherbourg” (1964). Dir. Jacques Demy, st. Catherine Deneuve, m. Michel Legrand, France. Musical, 90 min., ZDVD 33470 DISCS 1-13 (5-6). Also on Kanopy.
- “Walt Disney’s Mary Poppins” (1964). Dir. George Stevenson, st. Julie Andrews and Dick Van Dyke, USA/UK. M. The Sherman Brothers. Musical, 140 min., ZDVD 19662, 9196.
- “The Shop on Main Street” (1966). Dir. Jan Kadar and Elmar Klos, st. Ida Kaminska, Czechoslovakia. Holocaust drama, 125 min., ZDVD 2180.
- “Au Hasard Balthazar” (1966). Dir. Robert Bresson, st. Anne Wiazemsky, France. Drama, 95 min., ZDVD 19976, ZDVD 10159. Also on Kanopy.
- “Daisies” (1966). Dir. Vera Chytilova, Czechoslovakia. Surrealist comedy/satire, 79 min., ZDVD 28104. Also on Kanopy.
- “Playtime” (1967). Dir., wr., st. Jacques Tati, France. Comedy, 124 min., ZDVD 34759 DISCS 1-12 (7-8), 34758 Blu-ray DISCS 1-7 (4), 21761 Blu-ray. Also on Kanopy.
- “The Young Girls of Rochefort” (1967). Dir., wr. Jacques Demy, m. Michel Legrand, France. St. Catherine Deneuve, Françoise Dorléac, Gene Kelly, Danielle Darrieux, George Chakiris, Michel Piccoli and Jacques Perrin. Musical-comedy, 126 min., ZDVD 33470 DISCS 1-13 (7-8). Also on Kanopy.
- “Weekend” (1967). Dir. Jean-Luc Godard, st. Mireille Darc, France. Experimental drama, 104 min., ZDVD 29125, 29219 Blu-ray. Also on Kanopy.
- “Petulia” (1968). Dir. Richard Lester, st. Julie Christie and George C. Scott, USA/UK. M. John Barry. Romance/experimental drama, 105 min., ZDVD 12326.
- “The Night of the Living Dead” (1968). Dir. George A. Romero, st. Duane Jones, USA. Horror, 96 min., ZDVD 17729, 6370.
- “McCabe & Mrs. Miller” (1971). Dir. Robert Altman, st. Julie Christie and Warren Beatty, USA. M. Leonard Cohen. Western, 121 min., ZDVD 39823, ZDVD 39828 Blu-ray.
- “The Land of Silence and Darkness” (1971). Dir. Werner Herzog, Germany. Documentary, 85 min., ZDVD 35179 DISCS 1-13, 10361.
- “The Heartbreak Kid” (1972). Dir. Elaine May, st. Charles Grodin, Jeannie Berlin and Cybill Shepherd, USA. Romance comedy/black comedy, 106 min., ZDVD 2542. Also on YouTube.
- “A Woman Under the Influence” (1974). Dir. John Cassavetes, st. Gena Rowlands and Peter Falk, USA. Drama, 155 min., ZDVD 8365 DISCS 1-8 (4), ZDVD 32433 Blu-ray DISCS 1-5 (3). Also on Kanopy.
- “Edvard Munch” (1974). Dir. Peter Watkins, United Kingdom/Norway. Docu-drama, 220 min., in two parts 110 min. each. ZDVD 16186.
- “Ali: Fear Eats the Soul” (1974). Dir. Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Germany. Melodrama, 93 min., ZDVD 4927, 33852 Blu-ray.
- “The Texas Chain Saw Massacre” (1974). Dir. Tobe Hooper, USA. Horror, 84 min., ZDVD 12792, ZDVD 179.
- “Jeanne Dielman, 23, Quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles” (1975). Dir. Chantal Akerman, st. Delphine Seyrig, France. Experimental drama, 200 min., ZDVD 20893, 41020 Blu-ray.
- “Barry Lyndon” (1975). Dir. Stanley Kubrick, st. Ryan O’Neal and Marisa Berenson, United Kingdom/USA. Period drama, 183 min., ZDVD 26188 Blu-ray.
- “Welfare” (1975). Dir. Frederick Wiseman, USA. Documentary, 167 min., ZDVD 34323.
- “Nashville” (1975). Dir. Robert Altman, st. many folks, USA. Drama, 160 min., ZDVD 31914, 31915 Blu-ray.
- “Canoa: A Shameful Memory” (1976). Dir. Felipe Cazals, Mexico. Docu-drama, 115 min., ZDVD 40608, 40609 Blu-ray.
- “Carrie” (1976). Dir. Brian De Palma, st. Sissy Spacek, USA. M. Pino Donaggio. Horror, 98 min., ZDVD 55.
- “Killer of Sheep” (1978). Dir. Charles Burnett, USA. Drama, 80 min., ZDVD 16033.
- “Bush Mama” (1979). Dir. Haile Gerima, st. Barbara O, USA. Drama, 97 min., ZDVD 35512
- “Monty Python’s Life of Brian” (1979). Dir. Terry Jones, st. Monty Python, United Kingdom. Comedy/satire, 93 min., ZDVD 6776, 16138.
- “Real Life” (1979). Dir., wr., st. Albert Brooks, USA. Comedy/satire, 99 min.,ZDVD 1278.
- “My Dinner with Andre” (1981). Dir. Louis Malle; wr., st. Andre Gregory and Wallace Shawn, USA/France. Drama, 111 min., ZDVD 20449 DISCS 1-2, 41285 Blu-ray. Also on Kanopy.
- “White Dog” (1982). Dir. Sam Fuller, st. Kristy McNichol and Paul Winfield, USA. M. Ennio Morricone. Drama, 90 min., ZDVD 18802.
- “Losing Ground” (1982). Dir. Kathleen Collins, st. Seret Scott and Duane Jones, USA. Drama, 86 min., ZDVD 38231, ZDVD 38230 Blu-ray.
- “El Norte” (1983). Dir. Gregory Nava, USA. Drama, 141 min., ZDVD 20338, 21969 Blu-ray. Also on Kanopy.
- “L’Argent” (1983). Dir. Robert Bresson, France. Drama, 84 min., ZDVD 41207, 41210 Blu-ray.
- “Vagabond” (1985). Dir. Agnés Varda, st. Sandrine Bonnaire, France. M. Joanna Bruzdowicz and Fred Chinchin. Drama, 105 min.,ZDVD 16248.
- “The Color Purple” (1985). Dir. Steven Spielberg, based on the novel by Alice Walker, st. Whoopi Goldberg, Oprah Winfrey and Danny Glober. USA. Drama, 154 min., ZDVD 28040, 4588.
- “My Neighbor Totoro” (1988). Dir., wr. Hayao Miyazaki, Japan. M. Joe Hisaishi. Anime/fantasy. 87 min., ZDVD 16580.
- “Grave of the Fireflies” (1988). Dir. Isao Takahata, Japan. Anime/melodrama. M. Michio Mamiya, 88 min., ZDVD 14038, 2906.
- “Do the Right Thing” (1989). Dir., wr., co-st. Spike Lee, st. Danny Aiello, USA. Drama. 120 min., ZDVD 12796 DISCS 1-2, 32161 Blu-ray, 32162.
- “Close-Up” (1990). Dir. Abbas Kiarostami, Iran. Docufiction, 98 min., ZDVD 23348. Also on Kanopy.
- “Daughters of the Dust” (1991). Dir. Julie Dash, USA. St. Cora Lee Day and Barbara O. Drama/experimental drama, 112 min., ZDVD 40981, 40975 Blu-ray.
- “Only Yesterday” (1991). Dir. Isao Takahata, Japan. M.Katz Hoshi. Anime/drama, 120 min., ZDVD 39808, 39807 Blu-ray.
- “A Brighter Summer Day” (1991). Dir. Edward Yang, Taiwan. Drama, 237 min., ZDVD 30815.
- “Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me” (1992). Dir. David Lynch, st. Sheryl Lee, USA. M. Angelo Badalementi. Surrealist horror, 134 min., ZDVD 2900, coming soon to Criterion.
- “The Long Day Closes” (1992). Dir. Terence Davies, United Kingdom. Drama, 84 min., ZDVD 32419, 32178 Blu-ray.
- “Fallen Angels” (1995). Dir. Wong Kar-Wai, st. Leon Lai, Michelle Reis and Takeshi Kaneshiro. Hong Kong. Romance drama, 96 min., ZDVD 20744, 25672 Blu-ray, 12603.
- “Babe: Pig in the City” (1998). Dir. George Miller, Australia. With the voice of Elizabeth Daly as “Babe the Pig.” Fantasy, 95 min., ZDVD 37202.
- “Dil Se…” (1998). Dir. Mani Ratnam, India. St. Shah Rukh Khan and Manisha Koirala. Bollywood/drama, 165 min., ZDVD 6680.
- “In the Mood for Love” (2000). Dir. Wong Kar-Wai, Hong Kong. St. Maggie Cheung and Tony Leung. Romance drama, 98 min., ZDVD 3464, 25675 Blu-ray. Also on Kanopy.
- “La Ciénaga” (2001). Dir. Lucrecia Martel, Argentina. Experimental drama, 103 min., ZDVD 34701, 34702 Blu-ray.
- “Spirited Away” (2001). Dir. Hayao Miyazaki, Japan. M. Joe Hisaishi. Anime/fantasy/bildungsroman, 125 min., ZDVD 37054 DISCS 1-2, 37055 Blu-ray, 4556 DISCS 1-2.
- “Moolaadé” (2004). Dir. Ousmane Sembene, st. Fatoumata Coulibaly, Senegal. Drama, 124 min., ZDVD 16269.
Contact Carlos Valladares at cvall96 ‘at’ stanford.edu.